Front Matter

Front matter allows you to keep metadata attached to an instance of a content type—i.e., embedded inside a content file—and is one of the many features that gives Hugo its strength.

Front Matter Formats

Hugo supports three formats for front matter, each with their own identifying tokens.

TOML: identified by opening and closing +++.
YAML: identified by opening and closing ---.
JSON: a single JSON object surrounded by ‘{’ and ‘}’, followed by a new line.

Example

categories:
- Development
- VIM
date: "2012-04-06"
description: spf13-vim is a cross platform distribution of vim plugins and resources
  for Vim.
slug: spf13-vim-3-0-release-and-new-website
tags:
- .vimrc
- plugins
- spf13-vim
- vim
title: spf13-vim 3.0 release and new website

categories = ["Development", "VIM"]
date = "2012-04-06"
description = "spf13-vim is a cross platform distribution of vim plugins and resources for Vim."
slug = "spf13-vim-3-0-release-and-new-website"
tags = [".vimrc", "plugins", "spf13-vim", "vim"]
title = "spf13-vim 3.0 release and new website"

{
   "categories": [
      "Development",
      "VIM"
   ],
   "date": "2012-04-06",
   "description": "spf13-vim is a cross platform distribution of vim plugins and resources for Vim.",
   "slug": "spf13-vim-3-0-release-and-new-website",
   "tags": [
      ".vimrc",
      "plugins",
      "spf13-vim",
      "vim"
   ],
   "title": "spf13-vim 3.0 release and new website"
}

Front Matter Variables

Predefined

There are a few predefined variables that Hugo is aware of. See Page Variables for how to call many of these predefined variables in your templates.

aliases: an array of one or more aliases (e.g., old published paths of renamed content) that will be created in the output directory structure . See Aliases for details.
audio: an array of paths to audio files related to the page; used by the opengraph internal template to populate og:audio.
date: the datetime at which the content was created; note this value is auto-populated according to Hugo’s built-in archetype.
description: the description for the content.
draft: if true, the content will not be rendered unless the --buildDrafts flag is passed to the hugo command.
expiryDate: the datetime at which the content should no longer be published by Hugo; expired content will not be rendered unless the --buildExpired flag is passed to the hugo command.
headless: if true, sets a leaf bundle to be headless.
images: an array of paths to images related to the page; used by internal templates such as _internal/twitter_cards.html.
isCJKLanguage: if true, Hugo will explicitly treat the content as a CJK language; both .Summary and .WordCount work properly in CJK languages.
keywords: the meta keywords for the content.
layout: the layout Hugo should select from the lookup order when rendering the content. If a type is not specified in the front matter, Hugo will look for the layout of the same name in the layout directory that corresponds with a content’s section. See “Defining a Content Type”
lastmod: the datetime at which the content was last modified.
linkTitle: used for creating links to content; if set, Hugo defaults to using the linktitle before the title. Hugo can also order lists of content by linktitle.
markup: experimental; specify "rst" for reStructuredText (requiresrst2html) or "md" (default) for Markdown.
outputs: allows you to specify output formats specific to the content. See output formats.
publishDate: if in the future, content will not be rendered unless the --buildFuture flag is passed to hugo.
resources: used for configuring page bundle resources. See Page Resources.
series: an array of series this page belongs to, as a subset of the series taxonomy; used by the opengraph internal template to populate og:see_also.
slug: appears as the tail of the output URL. A value specified in front matter will override the segment of the URL based on the filename.
title: the title for the content.
type: the type of the content; this value will be automatically derived from the directory (i.e., the section) if not specified in front matter.
url: the full path to the content from the web root. It makes no assumptions about the path of the content file. It also ignores any language prefixes of the multilingual feature.
videos: an array of paths to videos related to the page; used by the opengraph internal template to populate og:video.
weight: used for ordering your content in lists. Lower weight gets higher precedence. So content with lower weight will come first.
<taxonomies>: field name of the plural form of the index. See tags and categories in the above front matter examples. Note that the plural form of user-defined taxonomies cannot be the same as any of the predefined front matter variables.

User-Defined

You can add fields to your front matter arbitrarily to meet your needs. These user-defined key-values are placed into a single .Params variable for use in your templates.

The following fields can be accessed via .Params.include_toc and .Params.show_comments, respectively. The Variables section provides more information on using Hugo’s page- and site-level variables in your templates.

include_toc: true
show_comments: false

include_toc = true
show_comments = false

{
   "include_toc": true,
   "show_comments": false
}

Order Content Through Front Matter

You can assign content-specific weight in the front matter of your content. These values are especially useful for ordering in list views. You can use weight for ordering of content and the convention of <TAXONOMY>_weight for ordering content within a taxonomy. See Ordering and Grouping Hugo Lists to see how weight can be used to organize your content in list views.

Override Global Markdown Configuration

It’s possible to set some options for Markdown rendering in a content’s front matter as an override to the BlackFriday rendering options set in your project configuration.